Forensic toxicology plays a crucial role in criminal investigations. These skilled professionals scrutinize bodily fluids and tissues to identify the presence of harmful substances. Their expertise can help establish the cause of death, provide insight potential foul play, and ultimately support law enforcement in bringing to justice complex cases.

Before modern classification systems, scientists struggled to the known elements. One early attempt was made by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a German chemist who noticed a striking pattern among certain groups of compounds. He proposed that three elements with similar properties could be grouped together as triads, forming the basis for his famous